Incus somewhat recently added support for gpu acceleration for VM’s via virtualgl/virgl: linuxcontainers.org/incus/news/#gpu-sharing-for-v…

This does only support OpenGL, but it’s way, way better than no hardware accel for many things.

In addition to that, there is potential of windows virtual machines getting support for OpenGL hardware acceleration, as well: github.com/virtio-win/…/943 . Unfortunately that looks like it stalled. I have seen other projects, like this or this, but even if people get something working, one big barrier is the drivers have to be signed (by Microsoft) before they can easily be included into Windows.