A neurotypical human mind, acting rationally, is able to remember the chain of thought that lead to a decision, understand why they reached that decision, find the mistake in their reasoning, and start over from that point to reach the “correct” decision.

No.

What we learned from those experiments was that if we don’t know a reason for why we did something, we’d invent and whole heartedly believe the first plausible explanation we come up with.

I didn’t read any further because you had a fundamental misunderstanding about what those studies actually proved